1. Class:
A blueprint or template for creating objects that define their state and behavior.
2. Object:
An instance of a class that has its own state (fields) and behavior (methods).
3. Method:
A block of code that performs a specific task. Methods define the behavior of objects.
4. Constructor:
A special method used to initialize objects. It has the same name as the class and is called automatically when an object is created.
5. Inheritance:
The mechanism by which one class (subclass) acquires the properties and behaviors of another class (superclass). It promotes code reuse.
6. Polymorphism:
The ability of an object to take on different forms. In Java, it allows methods to be overridden in subclasses to provide different implementations.
7. Encapsulation:
The bundling of data and methods that operate on that data into a single unit (class). It hides the internal state of an object from the outside world.
8. Abstraction:
The concept of hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the essential features of an object. Abstract classes and interfaces are used to achieve abstraction.
9. Interface:
A reference type in Java that defines a set of abstract methods. It is similar to a class but cannot contain implementation code. Classes can implement interfaces to provide specific behavior.
10. Package:
A namespace that organizes a set of related classes and interfaces. It helps in avoiding naming conflicts and provides access protection.
11. Variable:
A container that holds data, such as primitive types or references to objects. Variables have a type, name, and value.
12. Primitive Data Type:
The most basic data types available in Java, such as int, double, boolean, char, etc. They are not objects and are stored directly in memory.
13. Reference Data Type:
Data types that refer to objects. They store references or addresses of objects in memory rather than the actual object data.
14. Static Keyword:
A keyword used to define class-level variables and methods. Static members belong to the class rather than individual objects and can be accessed without creating an instance of the class.
15. Final Keyword:
A keyword used to restrict the behavior of classes, methods, and variables. It can make a class not extendable, a method not overrideable, or a variable unchangeable.
16. Access Modifier:
A keyword used to control the accessibility of classes, methods, and variables in Java. Common access modifiers include public, private, protected, and default.
17. Method Overloading:
The ability to define multiple methods in a class with the same name but different parameters.
18. Method Overriding:
The ability of a subclass to provide a specific implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass.
19. Abstract Class:
A class that cannot be instantiated and may contain abstract methods. It is meant to be subclassed to provide specific implementation details.
20. Abstract Method:
A method declared without an implementation in an abstract class. Subclasses must provide an implementation for abstract methods.
21. Interface Implementation:
The process of implementing the abstract methods defined in an interface in a concrete class.
22. Package Visibility:
The default access level of a class, method, or variable if no access modifier is specified. It allows access only within the same package.
23. Casting:
The process of converting a value from one data type to another in Java. It can be either implicit or explicit.
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24. Wrapper Class:
A class in Java that provides an object representation of primitive data types. It allows primitive data types to be used as objects.
25. Exception Handling:
The process of handling errors or exceptional situations that occur during the execution of a program. It helps in preventing program crashes and providing graceful error recovery.
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